AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

AIDS is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is a fetal disease.It is called syndrome because of several signs and symptoms involved in it.It is caused by a retro virus known as the human immuno-deficiency virus(HIV) which breaks down the body's immune system.

Although AIDS was first recognized in USA in 1981.However it is assumed that more than 20 million people are suffering from AIDS. The HIV AIDS reached the Asia relatively late,but has spread rapidly in the last few years.It is estimated that by 2000 A.D.,8 to 10 million people are likely to become infected with HIV within the South-East Region.
AIDS is transmitted when blood,semen or vaginal secretion of an infected person come in contact with blood or mucus membranes of healthy person.

How does the virus spread?
1) By sexual intercourse,when one of the
partner is infected.
2)BY contaminated needles and syringes.
3)By transfusion of infected blood.
4)By an infected mother to her unborn child.
How does the virus not spread?
1)By shakeing hands.
2)By living together.
3)By playing together.
4)By eating together.
6)BY insects.
5)By food,water.
7)By toilet seats.
8)By hugging.
Symptoms:
Major signs:
1)Weight loss more than 10% of body weight.
2)Continuous diarrohea for more than one month.
3)Continuous fever for more than one month.
Minor signs:
1)Persistent cough for more than one month.
2)Generalized itchy skin diseases.
3)Seen various types of herpes.
4)Thrush in mouth and throat.

Gonorrhoea

Gonorrhoea is the oldest and most common form od STD.It affects genitals,urethra,ans,throat,

cervix.It is caused by gonococcus of Neisser. Gonorrhoea is transmitted through any form of sexual contact.Common use of victim's materials can also spread the disease.
Symptoms:
Painful and frequent urination occurs.
Yellowish pus-like discharge from the penis or vagina.
swelling occurs in the genitals and urethra.
Red spots appear around the genitals.
Gonorrhoea may cause female infertility.
Preventive measures:
Have sex with only one faithful partner i.e husband and wife.
Use sterile
Avoid common use of clothes and towels.
Follow the regular cleanliness of the genitals.
If husband or wife is infected, both of them should be treated

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Sexually transmitted diseases are a group of communicable diseases which are chiefly acquired through sexual contact.STDs include infections that were formerly known as veneral disease(VD).Among the STDs,Syphilis,Gonorrhea and AIDS are described as below.
1)Syphilis:
Syphillis is a contagious veneral disease.It mainly affects heart,liver and brain.It is caused by Treponema Pallidium.Syphilis is usually transmitted by sexual contacts,but it can also be accquired from a blood transfusion or can be transmitted from a pregnant mother to the fetus.
Symptoms:
The earliest sign of syphilis in its primary stage is a chancre.
The chancre usually heals within four to six weeks.
Secondary syphilis begins anywhere from one week to six month after the chancre heals.
The symptoms include a pale red rash,fever,sore throat,headaches,poor appetite,weight loss and hair loss.
Preventive Measures:
Educate people to develop awareness.
Have sex only between husband and wife.
Syphilis can be easily treated with the one injection of penicillin.

Common Cold

Common cold is an infectious disease which is rapidly transmitted from one person to another.This is caused by Filterable virus.When the patient sneezes and coughs the viruses comes out.These are usually mixed up with droplets,handkerchiefs and other materials which have been used by the patient.If one contact with with the virus she will be suffering from common cold.
Symptoms:
The patient feels irritation in throat and nose.
His/Her voice may change.
Watery eyes can be observed.
Nasal discharge may be frequently seen.
A little fever may be felt.
Preventive Measures:
The patient should take rest and keep in isolation.
Use personal handkerchief.
Take adequate liquid.
Take clothes according to weather.

Cholera

Cholera is an acute specific infection of the alimentary canal characterized by intense diarrhoea and vomiting.This is caused by Vibrio Cholera.This is a transmitted from man to man through faecally contaminated water,contaminated food and drinks and direct contact.
Symptoms:
The stool may have a rice water apperance.
The patient have intense thirst.
The muscles may be cramped.
Patient have sunken eyes and hollow chicks.
The urine output is decreased.
Preventive Measures:
Protect food from flies.
Use safe drinking water.
Use toilet properly.
Wash hand before eating and after using toilet.

Dysentry

If blood or mucus is seen in stool it is calld dysentry.The disease is transmitted through contaminated food and drinks.Basically,dysentry is of two types'Amoebic'and'Bascillary'.Both the disease are caused by separate agent.Therefore they are described separately.
1>Amoebic Dysentry:The diseases caused by Entamoeba Histolytica.
Symptoms:
The patient may feel abdominal pain.
Mucus is seen in stool.
The patient may feel week and thirsty.
2>Bascillary:The diseases is caused by Shigella Shiga and Flexneri.
Symptoms:
The patient may feel abdominal pain.
The one passes stool frequently.
Dehydratopn occurs.